This was conducted by searching Scopus, PubMed, and Embase electronic databases for research articles (published only in English language) from May 1993 through April 2019 using the keywords "honey" and "honeybee" versus "testosterone". Furthermore, the color and the flavor of honey is due to presence of various organic acids such as gluconic acid, Levulinic acid, formic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, aspartic acid, fumaric acid, butyric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and others 31, 33. In general, regardless of its variety, honey is a natural product and an ancient part of humans' food . One such example in this specific research context was to explore the effectiveness of honeybee on testosterone, especially various honeybee products are used in folk medicine to treat numerous diseases/disorders 22, 23, 24. Since 1935, where the name "testosterone" was firstly coined, as per Scopus and PubMed data bases, to date, there are more than one hundred thousand research studies on testosterone and its biological perspectives; more than one-third of these studies were published in the last decade. Testosterone is an anabolic steroid considered as the foremost sex hormone in males 1, 2. This was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases for research articles from May 1993 through April 2019 using the keywords "honey" and "honeybee" versus "testosterone". Research shows that men who exercise regularly have higher testosterone than those who don’t (10). Be sure to speak with your doctor or clinician on which method is best for you and your health needs. If you’ve been experiencing low testosterone symptoms, then it may be time to explore TRT. Hormones naturally fluctuate with age, and imbalances can come and go on their own throughout our lives⁴. Is there a way to relieve hormonal imbalances naturally? Manuka honey has the most beneficial compounds and is also the most regulated honey, so it’s always better to opt for manuka when performance matters. Honey is sweeter than regular sugar, so you can use less while still achieving the desired taste, making your dishes healthier. Combine honey with fruits, leafy greens, and protein to create a nutrient-dense smoothie. It’s a simple, effective addition to your daily diet, providing a range of health benefits. Above and beyond, it was suggested to be a useful marker for determining the variety of honey (i.e., botanical origin of honey) . Luteinizing hormone, a glycoprotein also named lutropin, is released from the anterior pituitary in response to the pulses by gonadotropin-releasing hormone 36, 37. While, in both human studies, the dose used was 20 g per day over approximately 3–12 weeks duration. And, the duration of supplementation in these studies were ranged from ∼14 days to ∼50 days. These doses, in humans, for an adult male of 60 kg weight, equals to approximately 13 mg to 2.35 g kg−1 of body weight . Low testosterone levels can cause sexual problems like erectile dysfunction and delayed ejaculation. According to some studies, honey may help boost nitric oxide production . A study on male rats showed that honey improved erections by raising testosterone and protecting the testes from damage. While honey isn’t a cure, some studies suggest it may support sexual health by improving circulation, increasing testosterone, and lowering the risk of conditions that can cause ED. Decrease in the number of Leydig cells resulting in a decrease in the production of the hormone testosterone, which results in decreased spermatogenesis (Smith and Walker, 2014). One of the important hormones in male reproduction is testosterone, namely, through its role in libido and the spermatogenesis process (Patel et al., 2019). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indirect testosterone levels at T0, T1, T2, and T3 (in μg/dl) were 36.39c ± 0.35, 6.12a ± 0.51, 7.45a ± 0.15, 25.27b ± 0.63, sequentially.
